parent
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@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
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* [19. 正则表达式匹配](#19-正则表达式匹配)
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* [20. 表示数值的字符串](#20-表示数值的字符串)
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* [21. 调整数组顺序使奇数位于偶数前面](#21-调整数组顺序使奇数位于偶数前面)
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* [22. 链表中倒数第 K 个结点](#22-链表中倒数第-k-个结点)
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* [23. 链表中环的入口结点](#23-链表中环的入口结点)
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* [参考文献](#参考文献)
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<!-- GFM-TOC -->
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@ -1691,6 +1693,103 @@ class Solution:
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result = odd + even
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return result
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```
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# 22. 链表中倒数第 K 个结点
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[NowCoder](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/529d3ae5a407492994ad2a246518148a?tpId=13&tqId=11167&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking)
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## 解题思路
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设链表的长度为 N。设两个指针 P1 和 P2,先让 P1 移动 K 个节点,则还有 N - K 个节点可以移动。此时让 P1 和 P2 同时移动,可以知道当 P1 移动到链表结尾时,P2 移动到 N - K 个节点处,该位置就是倒数第 K 个节点。
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<div align="center"> <img src="../pics//ea2304ce-268b-4238-9486-4d8f8aea8ca4.png" width="500"/> </div><br>
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```java
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public ListNode FindKthToTail(ListNode head, int k) {
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if (head == null)
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return null;
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ListNode P1 = head;
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while (P1 != null && k-- > 0)
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P1 = P1.next;
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if (k > 0)
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return null;
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ListNode P2 = head;
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while (P1 != null) {
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P1 = P1.next;
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P2 = P2.next;
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}
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return P2;
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}
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```
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```python
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class Solution:
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def FindKthToTail(self, head, k):
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# write code here
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if head == None:
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return None
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p1 = head
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while p1 and k > 0:
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k -= 1
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p1 = p1.next
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if k > 0:
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return None
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p2 = head
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while p1:
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p1 = p1.next
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p2 = p2.next
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return p2
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```
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# 23. 链表中环的入口结点
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[NowCoder](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/253d2c59ec3e4bc68da16833f79a38e4?tpId=13&tqId=11208&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking)
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## 题目描述
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一个链表中包含环,请找出该链表的环的入口结点。要求不能使用额外的空间。
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## 解题思路
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使用双指针,一个指针 fast 每次移动两个节点,一个指针 slow 每次移动一个节点。因为存在环,所以两个指针必定相遇在环中的某个节点上。假设相遇点在下图的 y6 位置,此时 fast 移动的节点数为 x+2y+z,slow 为 x+y,由于 fast 速度比 slow 快一倍,因此 x+2y+z=2(x+y),得到 x=z。
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在相遇点,slow 要到环的入口点还需要移动 z 个节点,如果让 fast 重新从头开始移动,并且速度变为每次移动一个节点,那么它到环入口点还需要移动 x 个节点。在上面已经推导出 x=z,因此 fast 和 slow 将在环入口点相遇。
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<div align="center"> <img src="../pics//70fa1f83-dae7-456d-b94b-ce28963b2ba1.png"/> </div><br>
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```java
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public ListNode EntryNodeOfLoop(ListNode pHead) {
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if (pHead == null || pHead.next == null)
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return null;
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ListNode slow = pHead, fast = pHead;
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do {
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fast = fast.next.next;
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slow = slow.next;
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} while (slow != fast);
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fast = pHead;
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while (slow != fast) {
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slow = slow.next;
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fast = fast.next;
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}
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return slow;
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}
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```
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```python
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class Solution:
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def EntryNodeOfLoop(self, pHead):
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# write code here
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if not pHead:
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return None
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plist = []
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while True:
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plist.append(pHead)
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pHead = pHead.next
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if not pHead:
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return None
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if pHead in plist:
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return pHead
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```
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# 参考文献
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