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CyC2018
2018-02-27 10:37:55 +08:00
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notes/Linux.md
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@ -65,8 +65,8 @@
* [2. bzip2](#2-bzip2)
* [3. xz](#3-xz)
* [<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#<23><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)
* [BASH](#bash)
* [Bash<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#bash<73><68><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)
* [Bash](#bash)
* [Bash <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#bash-<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)
* [<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#<23><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)
* [ָ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#ָ<><D6B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˳<EFBFBD><CBB3>)
* [<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>](#<23><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><D8B6><EFBFBD>)
@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ find
<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>ϵͳ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ṹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
1. superblock<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>ϵͳ<CFB5><CDB3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϣ<EFBFBD><CFA2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><> block <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʣ<EFBFBD><CAA3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><D4BC>ļ<EFBFBD>ϵͳ<CFB5>ĸ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><CABD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϣ<EFBFBD>ȣ<EFBFBD>
2. inode<64><65>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>ռ<EFBFBD><D5BC>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> inode<64><65><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԣ<EFBFBD>ͬʱ<CDAC><CAB1>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD> block <20><><EFBFBD>룻
3. block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ݣ<EFBFBD><DDA3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>̫<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ռ<EFBFBD>ö<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block<63><6B>
2. inode<64><65>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>ռ<EFBFBD><D5BC>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> inode<64><65><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԣ<EFBFBD>ͬʱ<CDAC><CAB1>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD> block <20><><EFBFBD>룻
3. block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ݣ<EFBFBD><DDA3>ļ<EFBFBD>̫<EFBFBD><CCAB>ʱ<EFBFBD><CAB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ռ<EFBFBD>ö<EFBFBD><C3B6><EFBFBD> block<63><6B>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȡһ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><>ȥ<EFBFBD><C8A5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><DAB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block<63><6B>Ȼ<EFBFBD><C8BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ݶ<EFBFBD><DDB6><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Ext2
Ext2 <20>ļ<EFBFBD>ϵͳ֧<CDB3>ֵ<EFBFBD> block <20><>С<EFBFBD><D0A1> 1k<31><6B>2k <20><> 4k <20><><EFBFBD>֣<EFBFBD><D6A3><EFBFBD>ͬ<EFBFBD><CDAC> block <20><>С<EFBFBD><D0A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC>Ĵ<EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD><D0A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ÿ<EFBFBD><C3BF> inode <20><>С<EFBFBD>ǹ̶<C7B9>Ϊ 128 bytes<65><73>
inode <20>м<EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ÿ<EFBFBD><C3BF> block <20>dz<EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD><D0A1>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>㶼<EFBFBD><E3B6BC>Ҫ<EFBFBD><D2AA>ʮ<EFBFBD><CAAE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> inode <20><>С<EFBFBD><D0A1><EFBFBD>ޣ<EFBFBD><DEA3>޷<EFBFBD>ֱ<EFBFBD><D6B1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ô<EFBFBD><C3B4> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˼<EFBFBD><CBBC>ӡ<EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><CBAB><EFBFBD>ӡ<EFBFBD><D3A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ã<EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҳ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
inode <20>м<EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ÿ<EFBFBD><C3BF> block <20>dz<EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD><D0A1>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>㶼<EFBFBD><E3B6BC>Ҫ<EFBFBD><D2AA>ʮ<EFBFBD><CAAE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> inode <20><>С<EFBFBD><D0A1><EFBFBD>ޣ<EFBFBD><DEA3>޷<EFBFBD>ֱ<EFBFBD><D6B1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ô<EFBFBD><C3B4> block<63><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˼<EFBFBD><CBBC>ӡ<EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><CBAB><EFBFBD>ӡ<EFBFBD><D3A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>á<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ָ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><>¼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> block <20>鵱<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
![](https://github.com/CyC2018/InterviewNotes/blob/master/pics/89091427-7b2b-4923-aff6-44681319a8aa.jpg)
@ -566,21 +566,21 @@ inode
## Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC> inode <20><> block
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼ʱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> block<63><6B>block <20><>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><D4BC>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Կ<EFBFBD><D4BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC>Ŀ¼<C4BF>У<EFBFBD><D0A3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD>ɾ<EFBFBD><C9BE><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Щ<EFBFBD><D0A9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC> w Ȩ<><C8A8><EFBFBD>йء<D0B9>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼ʱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB> block<63><6B>block <20><>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><D4BC>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Կ<EFBFBD><D4BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD> inode <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>¼<EFBFBD><C2BC>Ŀ¼<C4BF>У<EFBFBD><D0A3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD>ɾ<EFBFBD><C9BE><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Щ<EFBFBD><D0A9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC> w Ȩ<><C8A8><EFBFBD>йء<D0B9>
## ʵ<><CAB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```html
# ln [-sf] source_filename dist_filename
-s <20><>Ĭ<EFBFBD><C4AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> hard link<6E><6B><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> -s Ϊ symbolic link
-f <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF>5<EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɾ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>
-f <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><CAB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɾ<EFBFBD><C9BE>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD>
```
### 1. ʵ<><CAB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
hard link ֻ<><D6BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ij<EFBFBD><C4B3>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF><EFBFBD>ӵ<EFBFBD><D3B5>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD> inode <20>ϡ<EFBFBD>ɾ<EFBFBD><C9BE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><D2BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ<EFBFBD><C4BF><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD><C7B4>ڣ<EFBFBD>ֻҪ<D6BB><D2AA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 0<><30>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ƣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ܿ<EFBFBD>Խ Filesystem<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ܶ<EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ӡ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ƣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ܿ<EFBFBD>Խ File System<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ܶ<EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ӡ<EFBFBD>
```html
# ln /etc/crontab .
@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ $ bzip2 [-cdkzv#] filename
<EFBFBD>ṩ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> bzip2 <20><><EFBFBD>ѵ<EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD>ȡ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Կ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>gzip<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>bzip2<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xz <20><>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD>Ȳ<EFBFBD><C8B2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ż<EFBFBD><C5BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫע<D2AA>⣬ѹ<E2A3AC><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Խ<EFBFBD>ߣ<EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><CAB1>ҲԽ<D2B2><D4BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Կ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>gzip<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>bzip2<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xz <20><>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD>Ȳ<EFBFBD><C8B2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ż<EFBFBD><C5BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫע<D2AA>⣬ѹ<E2A3AC><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Խ<EFBFBD>ߣ<EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʱ<EFBFBD><CAB1>ҲԽ<D2B2><D4BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>鿴<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xzcat<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xzmore<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xzless<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>xzgrep<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
@ -680,17 +680,18 @@ $ tar [-z|-j|-J] [xv] [-f
-C Ŀ¼ <20><> <20><><EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>õķ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>£<EFBFBD>
| ʹ<>÷<EFBFBD>ʽ | <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> |
| --- | --- |
| <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9> | tar -jcv -f filename.tar.bz2 Ҫ<><D2AA>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> |
| <20><> <20><> | tar -jtv -f filename.tar.bz2 |
| <20><>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9> | tar -jxv -f filename.tar.bz2 -C Ҫ<><D2AA>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼ |
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> tar -jcv -f filename.tar.bz2 Ҫ<><D2AA>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><C4BC><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼<C4BF><C2BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> tar -jtv -f filename.tar.bz2
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ѹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>tar -jxv -f filename.tar.bz2 -C Ҫ<><D2AA>ѹ<EFBFBD><D1B9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ¼
# BASH
# Bash
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͨ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> shell <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ں<EFBFBD><DABA>ṩ<EFBFBD><E1B9A9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Bash <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> shell <20><>һ<EFBFBD>֡<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͨ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Shell <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ں<EFBFBD><DABA>ṩ<EFBFBD><E1B9A9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Bash <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Shell <20><>һ<EFBFBD>֡<EFBFBD>
## Bash<73><68><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
## Bash <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
**1. <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʷ**
@ -712,7 +713,9 @@ $ tar [-z|-j|-J] [xv] [-f
## <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֱֵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> = <20><><EFBFBD>Ա<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȡ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD>ڱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \$ <20><>Ҳ<EFBFBD><D2B2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \${} <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><CABD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> echo <20><><EFBFBD>
- <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֱֵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> = <20><>
- <20>Ա<EFBFBD><D4B1><EFBFBD>ȡ<EFBFBD><C8A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD>ڱ<EFBFBD><DAB1><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD><C7B0><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \$ <20><>Ҳ<EFBFBD><D2B2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \${} <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><CABD>
- <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> echo <20><><EFBFBD>
```bash
$ var=abc
@ -720,7 +723,7 @@ $ echo $var
$ echo ${var}
```
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>пո<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ż<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ߵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>š<EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ա<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>var="lang is \$LANG"<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>var<61><72>ֵΪ lang is zh_TW.UTF-8<><38><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><DAB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> var='lang is \$LANG'<27><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> var <20><>ֵΪ lang is \$LANG<4E><47>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>пո<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ż<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ߵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>š<EFBFBD>˫<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ա<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ԣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>var="lang is \$LANG"<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> var <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֵΪ lang is zh_TW.UTF-8<><38><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><DAB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> var='lang is \$LANG'<27><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> var <20><>ֵΪ lang is \$LANG<4E><47>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \`ָ<><D6B8>\` <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> \$(ָ<><D6B8>) <20>ķ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><CABD>ָ<EFBFBD><D6B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֵ<EFBFBD><D6B5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> version=\$(uname -r)<29><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> version <20><>ֵΪ 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64<36><34>
@ -756,13 +759,14 @@ $ echo ${array[1]}
<EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>롢<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͱ<EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
1. <20><>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> (stdin) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 0 <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> < <20><> << <20><>
2. <20><>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> (stdout)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 1 <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> > <20><> >> <20><>
1. <20><>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>(stdin) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 0 <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> < <20><> << <20><>
2. <20><>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>(stdout)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 1 <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> > <20><> >> <20><>
3. <20><>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>(stderr)<29><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ 2 <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9> 2> <20><> 2>> <20><>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>У<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͷ<EFBFBD>ı<EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD>Ը<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ǵķ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>򣬶<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͷ<EFBFBD>ı<EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD>ӵķ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Խ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD>ı<EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> /dev/null <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>൱<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ӽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>䡣
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Խ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD>ı<EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> /dev/null<6C><6C><EFBFBD>൱<EFBFBD><E0B5B1><EFBFBD>ӽ<EFBFBD><D3BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>䡣
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Լ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ͬʱ<EFBFBD>ض<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ļ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ҫ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ij<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ת<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϊ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 2>&1 <20><>ʾ<EFBFBD><CABE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ת<EFBFBD><D7AA>Ϊ<EFBFBD><CEAA>׼<EFBFBD><D7BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
@ -791,7 +795,7 @@ $ cut
-c <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD>Ϊ<EFBFBD><CEAA>λȡ<CEBB><C8A1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>1<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>last <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD>ĵ<EFBFBD><C4B5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ߵ<EFBFBD><DFB5><EFBFBD>Ϣ<EFBFBD><CFA2>Ҫ<EFBFBD><D2AA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD>û<EFBFBD><C3BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 1<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>last <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD>ĵ<EFBFBD><C4B5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ߵ<EFBFBD><DFB5><EFBFBD>Ϣ<EFBFBD><CFA2>Ҫ<EFBFBD><D2AA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʾ<EFBFBD>û<EFBFBD><C3BB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```html
$ last
@ -802,7 +806,7 @@ root pts/1 192.168.201.254 Thu Feb 5 22:37 - 23:53 (01:16)
$ last | cut -d ' ' -f 1
```
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>2<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> export <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ѶϢ<D1B6><CFA2>ȡ<EFBFBD>õ<EFBFBD> 12 <20>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7>Ժ<EFBFBD><D4BA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 2<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> export <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ѶϢ<D1B6><CFA2>ȡ<EFBFBD>õ<EFBFBD> 12 <20>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7>Ժ<EFBFBD><D4BA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ַ<EFBFBD><D6B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```html
$ export
@ -823,11 +827,11 @@ $ export | cut -c 12
$ sort [-fbMnrtuk] [file or stdin]
-f <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Դ<EFBFBD>Сд
-b <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD><C7B0><EFBFBD>Ŀո<C4BF>
-M <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>·ݵ<C2B7><DDB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> JAN, DEC
-M <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>·ݵ<C2B7><DDB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> JAN<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>DEC
-n <20><>ʹ<EFBFBD><CAB9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
-r <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
-u <20><><EFBFBD>൱<EFBFBD><E0B5B1> unique <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ظ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֻ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
-t <20><><EFBFBD>ָ<EFBFBD><D6B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ĭ<EFBFBD><C4AC>Ϊtab
-u <20><><EFBFBD>൱<EFBFBD><E0B5B1> unique<75><65><EFBFBD>ظ<EFBFBD><D8B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ֻ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
-t <20><><EFBFBD>ָ<EFBFBD><D6B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ĭ<EFBFBD><C4AC>Ϊ tab
-k <20><>ָ<EFBFBD><D6B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
```
@ -959,8 +963,6 @@ $ grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt
$ grep -n 'go\{2,5\}g' regular_express.txt
```
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ο<EFBFBD> [<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʽ](https://github.com/00000H/notes/blob/master/notes/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F.md).
## printf
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD>ʽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
@ -977,7 +979,7 @@ $ printf '%10s %5i %5i %5i %8.2f \n' $(cat printf.txt)
## awk
```html
$ awk '<27><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 1{<7B><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 1} <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 2{<7B><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 2} ...' filename
$ awk '<27><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>1{<7B><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>1} <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>2{<7B><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>2} ...' filename
```
awk ÿ<>δ<EFBFBD><CEB4><EFBFBD>һ<EFBFBD>У<EFBFBD><D0A3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD><D0A1>λ<EFBFBD><CEBB><EFBFBD>ֶΣ<D6B6>ÿ<EFBFBD><C3BF><EFBFBD>ֶε<D6B6><CEB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʽΪ<CABD><CEAA>\$n<><6E>n Ϊ<>ֶκţ<CEBA><C5A3><EFBFBD> 1 <20><>ʼ<EFBFBD><CABC>\$0 <20><>ʾһ<CABE><D2BB><EFBFBD>С<EFBFBD>