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notes/29. 顺时针打印矩阵.md
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# 29. 顺时针打印矩阵
[NowCoder](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/9b4c81a02cd34f76be2659fa0d54342a?tpId=13&tqId=11172&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
## 题目链接
[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/9b4c81a02cd34f76be2659fa0d54342a?tpId=13&tqId=11172&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
## 题目描述
下图的矩阵顺时针打印结果为：1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 15, 14, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 10
按顺时针的方向，从外到里打印矩阵的值。下图的矩阵打印结果为：1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 15, 14, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 10
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201104010349296.png" width="300px"> </div><br>
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/48517227-324c-4664-bd26-a2d2cffe2bfe.png" width="200px"> </div><br>
## 解题思路
一层一层从外到里打印，观察可知每一层打印都有相同的处理步骤，唯一不同的是上下左右的边界不同了。因此使用四个变量 r1, r2, c1, c2 分别存储上下左右边界值，从而定义当前最外层。打印当前最外层的顺序：从左到右打印最上一行->从上到下打印最右一行->从右到左打印最下一行->从下到上打印最左一行。应当注意只有在 r1 != r2 时才打印最下一行，也就是在当前最外层的行数大于 1 时才打印最下一行，这是因为当前最外层只有一行时，继续打印最下一行，会导致重复打印。打印最左一行也要做同样处理。
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201104010609223.png" width="500px"> </div><br>
```java
public ArrayList<Integer> printMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
int r1 = 0, r2 = matrix.length - 1, c1 = 0, c2 = matrix[0].length - 1;
while (r1 <= r2 && c1 <= c2) {
// 上
for (int i = c1; i <= c2; i++)
ret.add(matrix[r1][i]);
// 右
for (int i = r1 + 1; i <= r2; i++)
ret.add(matrix[i][c2]);
if (r1 != r2)
// 下
for (int i = c2 - 1; i >= c1; i--)
ret.add(matrix[r2][i]);
if (c1 != c2)
// 左
for (int i = r2 - 1; i > r1; i--)
ret.add(matrix[i][c1]);
r1++; r2--; c1++; c2--;